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2.
Clinics ; 74: e776, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989643

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare signs and symptoms of dysphagia in individuals with cervical dystonia (CD) before and after application of botulinum toxin (BTX). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 20 patients diagnosed with CD with indications for BTX application. We selected 18 patients who met the study inclusion criteria. All individuals were patients from the Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo. BTX was applied in the cervical region at the necessary dose for each individual. To identify signs/complaints of changes in swallowing, we used a specific questionnaire that was completed by patients and/or their companions on the day of BTX injection and repeated 10 to 15 days after BTX injection. RESULTS: Among the 18 study subjects, 15 (83.3%) showed primary and three (16.7%) showed secondary cervical dystonia. The most frequent dystonic movements were rotation (18), tilt (5), forward shift (3), backward shift (7), shoulder elevation (12), shoulder depression (2), and cervical tremor (6). The main complaints reported before BTX application were voice changes in 10 (55.6%), need for adjustment of eating position in 10 (55.6%), coughing and/or choking while eating in nine (50%), and increased eating time in nine (50%) individuals. The main complaints reported after BTX application were coughing and/or choking while eating in 11 (61.1%), voice changes in nine (50%), sensation of food stuck in the throat in eight (44%), and increased eating time in eight (44%) individuals. CONCLUSION: The administration of a swallowing-specific questionnaire to individuals with CD before and after BTX application enabled the identification of possible dysphagia symptoms prior to drug treatment resulting from CD, which are often subsequently interpreted as side effects of the drug treatment. Thus, dysphagia can be managed, and aspiration symptoms can be prevented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Deglutition/drug effects , Dystonia/congenital , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology , Perception , Deglutition Disorders/psychology , Deglutition Disorders/drug therapy , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Dystonia/psychology , Dystonia/drug therapy , Eating/psychology , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 33(2): 258-261, abr.-jun. 2018. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-909428

ABSTRACT

Síndrome do choro assimétrico é uma condição congênita secundária à hipoplasia ou ausência do músculo depressor do ângulo da boca. Trata-se de uma condição não tão incomum que pode cursar com assimetria facial ao chorar e sorrir, além de poder estar associadas a outras malformações congênitas. Crianças com essa deformidade podem sofrer dificuldades psicossociais e introversão. O arsenal terapêutico dessa condição já foi estudado e discutido na literatura com ênfase em abordagens cirúrgicas e invasivas. Relatamos aqui um caso de uma criança de 9 anos com essa síndrome, tratada, de forma menos invasiva, com toxina botulínica, com um bom resultado e satisfação.


Asymmetric crying face syndrome is a congenital condition secondary to hypoplasia or absence of the depressor muscle at the mouth angle. It is a common condition that presents with facial asymmetry while crying and smiling and may be associated with other congenital malformations. Children with this deformity may experience psychosocial difficulties and introversion. The therapeutic arsenal of this condition has already been studied and discussed in the literature with an emphasis on surgical and invasive approaches. We report here a case of a 9-year-old child with this syndrome, treated less invasively with botulinum toxin, with good result and satisfaction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , History, 21st Century , Congenital Abnormalities , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Facial Asymmetry , Facial Paralysis , Mouth Abnormalities , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Congenital Abnormalities/rehabilitation , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/drug effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Facial Asymmetry/surgery , Facial Asymmetry/complications , Facial Asymmetry/drug therapy , Facial Paralysis/surgery , Facial Paralysis/complications , Facial Paralysis/congenital , Mouth Abnormalities/surgery , Mouth Abnormalities/diagnosis , Mouth Abnormalities/rehabilitation
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(11): 720-723, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-827662

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Botulinum Toxin A in different time of tobacco exposure. METHODS: 60 male, Wistar rats were divided into two tobacco exposure groups: a 2- month or a 4-month regimen. After this period, these two groups were subdivided as two: saline solution(SS) or botulinum toxin A(Bonta), at the time of the surgery. Seven days before the SS or Bonta injection, the animals were submitted to a random flap (3x10cm). On the seventh postoperative day, all animals were assessed for total flap area, viable area, and the viable/ total area ratio. RESULTS: This study showed a difference between groups 2-month saline vs. BontA injection (p=0.04); groups 4-month saline vs. BontA injection (p=0.001); groups 2-month saline vs. 4-month BontA (p=0.003), and, between groups 2- month BontA vs. 4-month saline(p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum Toxin A increased random flap viability in tobacco-exposed rats. Two months of tobacco exposure had the same effect as exposure for four months.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Surgical Flaps , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Graft Survival/drug effects , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology , Time Factors , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Injections , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(9): 639-645, Sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761498

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on skin flap viability in healthy, tobacco-exposed and diabetic rats.METHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into six groups: control+saline (C1), control+BoNTA (C2), tobacco-exposed+saline (T1), tobacco-exposed+BoNTA (T2) diabetes+saline (D1) and diabetes+BoNTA (D2). A dorsal cutaneous flap (3×10cm) was performed. Survival area and total area of the flaps were measured. Lumen diameter, external arterial diameter and lumen/wall thickness ratio were recorded.RESULTS: Survival area increased in control group with BoNTA injection compared with control animals injected with saline (C2 x C1; 0.9±0.1 vs0.67±0.15, p= 0.001). A similar result was found in diabetes group injected with BontA (D2 x D1; 0.97±0.2 vs0.61±0.24, p=0.018). No difference was observed in skin flap viability in tobacco-exposed groups (T2 x T1; 0.74±0.24 vs 0.64±0.21, p=0.871). Lumen diameter (p= 0.004), external arterial diameter (p = 0.0046,) and lumen/wall thickness ratio (p= 0.003) were increased in diabetes+BoNTA-treated animals. This effect was not observed in control or in tobacco-exposed groups.CONCLUSIONS:Botulinum toxin A increased skin flap viability in control and diabetic rats on the seventh post-operative day. Increased lumen diameter, external arterial diameter, and lumen/wall thickness ratio were observed in the diabetes+BoNTA group. BoNTA had no effect in the tobacco-exposed group on the seventh postoperative day.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology , Surgical Flaps , Skin/drug effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Graft Survival/drug effects , Necrosis , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reproducibility of Results , Streptozocin , Skin/pathology , Surgical Flaps/pathology , Time Factors
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(2): 228-234, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O espasmo hemifacial (EHF) caracteriza-se por movimento tônico-clônico involuntário da musculatura de uma hemiface. O tratamento tem sido realizado com aplicação de toxina botulínica (TxB). A aplicação unilateral classicamente descrita resulta em assimetria semelhante à paralisia facial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi normatizar o tratamento do EHF bilateralmente com TxB, a fim de prevenir a ocorrência de assimetria facial iatrogênica. Método: Foram analisadas 66 aplicações em 15 pacientes, seguindo o protocolo do serviço para paralisia facial, acrescentado de pontos pré-tarsais no lado com EHF. Foi feita dose complementar na reavaliação após 15 dias nos pacientes que apresentavam algum grau residual de espasmo ou assimetria, buscando-se a dose necessária para alcançar controle satisfatório do espasmo sem causar assimetria facial. Resultados: A dose média total foi 20,2 U do lado não acometido e 28,4 U do lado acometido, totalizando 48,6 U por aplicação. Houve diferença significante entre as hemifaces na dose para os músculos zigomático, orbicular da boca e orbicular dos olhos. Conclusões: A técnica proposta de aplicação bilateral de TxB controlou adequadamente o EHF e evitou assimetria iatrogênica. Como regra geral, a aplicação deve ser feita na proporção de 1:1,5 U no orbicular dos olhos (porção lateral) e 1:2 U no orbicular da boca. Nos demais músculos, a dose nos dois lados deve ser a mesma, realizando-se dose de reforço em 15 dias caso permaneça algum grau de espasmo. O único local com pontos exclusivos do lado acometido é a região pré-tarsal do músculo orbicular do olho.


Introduction: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by the involuntary tonic-clonic movement of the muscles of the hemiface. It is usually treated with botulinum toxin (BTX). The classically described unilateral application of BTX results in an asymmetry similar to facial paralysis. The aim of this study was to standardize the treatment of HFS by applying BTX bilaterally to prevent the occurrence of iatrogenic facial asymmetry. Methods: The outcomes of 66 applications in 15 patients were analyzed according to the protocol of the facial paralysis service, to which pretarsal sites were added on the HFS side. On reassessment 15 days later, a complementary dose was administered to patients who exhibited some residual degree of spasm or asymmetry with the aim of determining the dose required to achieve satisfactory spasm control without causing facial asymmetry. Results: The total mean dose was 20.2 U at the contralateral side and 28.4 U at the spasm side (a total dose of 48.6 U per application). There was a significant difference between the doses applied to the zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, and orbicular oculi muscles on each hemiface . Conclusions: The proposed bilateral BTX application technique was effective in controlling HFS and prevented iatrogenic asymmetry. In general, application should be performed at a ratio of 1:1.5 U in the orbicularis oculi (lateral portion) and 1:2 U in the orbicularis oris. In the remaining muscles, the same dose should be administered on both sides and an additional dose can be applied 15 days later if some degree of spasm is present. The pretarsal region of the orbicularis oculi muscle is the only area for which BTX application on the healthy side is unnecessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Prospective Studies , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Hemifacial Spasm , Guidelines as Topic , Evaluation Study , Facial Asymmetry , Facial Bones , Facial Nerve Diseases , Facial Paralysis , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Hemifacial Spasm/surgery , Hemifacial Spasm/pathology , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Facial Asymmetry/pathology , Facial Asymmetry/therapy , Facial Bones/abnormalities , Facial Bones/pathology , Facial Nerve Diseases/pathology , Facial Paralysis/pathology
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 307-312, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-667572

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Crotoxin is the major toxin of the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, capable of causing a blockade of the neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction. The objective of this study was to appraise the action and effectiveness of the crotoxin induced paralysis of the extraocular muscle and to compare its effects with the botulinum toxin type A (BT-A). METHODS: The crotoxin, with LD50 of 1.5 µg, was injected into the superior rectus muscle in ten New Zealand rabbits. The concentration variance was 0.015 up to 150 µg. Two rabbits received 2 units of botulinum toxin type A for comparative analysis. The evaluation of the paralysis was performed using serial electromyography. After the functional recovery of the muscles, which occurred after two months, six rabbits were sacrificed for anatomopathology study. RESULTS: The animals did not show any evidence of systemic toxicity. Transitory ptosis was observed in almost every animal and remained up to fourteen days. These toxins caused immediate blockade of the electrical potentials. The recovery was gradual in the average of one month with regeneration signs evident on the electromyography. The paralysis effect of the crotoxin on the muscle was proportional to its concentration. The changes with 1.5 µg crotoxin were similar to those produced by the botulinum toxin type A. The histopathology findings were localized to the site of the injection. No signs of muscle fiber's necrosis were seen in any sample. The alterations induced by crotoxin were also proportional to the concentration and similar to botulinum toxin type A in concentration of 1.5 µg. CONCLUSION: Crotoxin was able to induce transitory paralysis of the superior rectus muscle. This effect was characterized by reduction of action potentials and non-specific signs of fibrillation. Crotoxin, in concentration of 1.5 µg was able to induce similar effects as botulinum toxin type A.


OBJETIVO: A crotoxina é a principal toxina do veneno da cobra cascavel sul-americana Crotalus durissus terrificus e causa bloqueio da neurotransmissão na junção neuromuscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação e aplicabilidade da crotoxina na indução de paralisia da musculatura extrínseca ocular, e comparar seus efeitos com os da toxina botulínica do tipo A (TB-A). MÉTODOS: A crotoxina, com DL50 de 1,5 µg, foi aplicada no músculo reto superior direito de dez coelhos da raça neozelandesa, em concentrações que variaram de 0,015 µg a 150 µg. Em dois coelhos, utilizou-se 2 unidades de toxina botulínica do tipo A para análise comparativa. A avaliação da paralisia foi realizada através de eletromiografia seriada. Após a recuperação, que ocorreu em dois meses, seis coelhos foram sacrificados para estudo anátomopatológico. RESULTADOS: Os animais não apresentaram sinais de intoxicação sistêmica. Ptose palpebral transitória foi observada em quase todos os animais e permaneceu por até 14 dias. As toxinas causaram um bloqueio imediato da captação dos potenciais elétricos. A recuperação foi gradativa no período aproximado de um mês, observando-se sinais evidentes de regeneração no registro eletromiográfico. Os efeitos da crotoxina na paralização do músculo injetado foram proporcionais à concentração. A crotoxina, na concentração de 1,5 µg, induziu alterações semelhantes às da toxina botulínica do tipo A. Os achados anátomo-patológicos foram localizados somente na região em que se aplicou as toxinas, não havendo necrose de fibras musculares em nenhuma amostra analisada. As alterações causadas pela crotoxina também foram proporcionais à concentração utilizada e similares a toxina botulínica do tipo A na concentração de 1,5 µg. CONCLUSÃO: A crotoxina foi capaz de induzir paralisia transitória do músculo reto superior. Este efeito foi caracterizado pela redução na amplitude dos potenciais de ação e sinais inespecíficos de fibrilação. Observou-se que a ação da crotoxina, em concentração de 1,5 µg, proporcionou efeito semelhante ao da toxina botulínica do tipo A.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Crotoxin/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Agents/pharmacology , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmoplegia/chemically induced , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Intraocular , Models, Animal , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/pathology
9.
Rev. venez. cir ; 61(3): 131-136, sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-540008

ABSTRACT

Evaluar la efectividad del uso de la toxina botulínica tipo A Botox® en el síndrome aurículo-temporal (síndrome de Frey). Se realizó un estudio experimental en dos pacientes femeninas con síndrome de Frey a quienes se les realizó: parotidectomía superficial bilateral por sialodenitis crónica en una, y parotidectomía superficial derecha en la otra, por carcinoma de células acinares, para objetivar el síndrome se utilizó el test de Minor y se uso toxina botulínica tipo A Botox®, aplicándola por vía subcutánea, usando una dosis de 3.0 MU/0.1ml/cm2. Se realizó el test de Minor en dos pacientes con síndrome de Frey. El tiempo de aparición de los síntomas fue: de 6 meses del lado izquierdo y 12 meses en el lado derecho para la que presentaba síndrome bilateral y 12 meses para la segunda paciente, el test de Minor fue positivo en 100 por ciento. Se aplicó toxina botulínica, y con tres meses de seguimiento no se evidenció recidiva objetivizado por el test de Minor. No se presentaron efectos adversos tras la administración de la toxina botulínica tipo A Botox®. La toxina botulínica representa un tratamiento efectivo, seguro y fácil de reproducir en el tratamiento del síndrome de Frey, sin evidencia de efectos adversos, y mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/pathology , Parotid Gland/pathology , Sweating, Gustatory/physiopathology , Sweating, Gustatory/therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Facial Injuries/etiology , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Parotid Region/pathology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology
10.
Rev. para. med ; 20(3): 43-49, jul.-set. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-473896

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar o grau de amplitude de movimento da articulação do tornozelo em crianças com paralisia cerebral, do tipo diparesia e tetraparesia espástica, após a aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A em músculos gastrocnêmios, seguida por fisioterapia. Método: estudo observacional e transversal, avaliando 10 crianças de ambos os sexos, faixa etária de 2 a 7 anos, sendo 5 diparéticas e 5 tetraparéticas do tipo espástica, com presença de equinismo bilateral. Realizadas 3 avaliações em intervalos pré e pós bloqueio, sendo que o grau de mobilidade do tornozelo, obtido através da goniometria articular. Resultados: constatou-se que a injeção intramuscular de toxina botulínica do tipo A aumentou o grau de movimento da articulação do tornozelo e ainda, aumentou a pontuação na escala de atividades dinâmicas. Conclusão: a toxina botulínica tipo A combinada ao tratamento fisioterapêutico é um método eficaz no processo de reabilitação de pacientes que apresentam espasticidade por seqüela de PC.


Objective: to evaluate the degree of width of movement of the articulation of the ankle in children with cerebral paralysis, of the type diparetic and tetraparetic spastic, after the application of Botulinum Toxyn type A in gastrocnemius muscles proceeded by physiotherapy. Method: were accomplished a study prospective, traverse and observacional, they were appraised 10 children, of both sexes, presenting an age group from 2 to 7 years, being 5 diparetic and 5 tetraparetic of the type spastic, with presence of bilateral bilateral equinus . Were accomplished 3 evaluations in intervals before and powders blockade, and the degree of mobility of the ankle obtained through the goniometry to articulate. Results: it was verified that the injection intramuscular of Botulinum Toxyn type A increased the degree of movement of the articulation of the ankle and still, it increased the punctuation in the scale of activities dynamics. Conclusion: the Botulinum Toxyn type A combined with physiotherapy is an effective method in the process of patient rehabilitation that they present spasticity for sequel of Cerebral Paralysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Physical Therapy Specialty , Range of Motion, Articular , Ankle Joint , Cerebral Palsy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Muscle Spasticity
11.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 60(4): 179-184, abr. 2003. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-344739

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho tem como objetivo esclarecer aos profissionais envolvidos com o tratamento de pacientes com paralisia infantil sobre a toxina botulínica, seus possíveis efeitos colaterais, alguns critérios para selecionar o paciente e como devem ser feitas as aplicaçöes. Através de revisäo bibliográfica, concluímos que o uso localizazdo da TBA já é consagrado e muito utilizado. Entretanto, a indicaçäo desta droga para grandes musculares, como no tratamento das alteraçöes motoras secundárias a paralisia cerebral, ainda é pouco conhecida. Mesmo porque, a maioria dos trabalhos que estudam este tratamento se atém em tratar uma deformidade específica de uma doença generalizada como, por exemplo, o uso desta toxina para tratar o "pé eqüino". A partir desta pesquisa e da observaçäo de consultas e aplicaçöes de TBA nos ambulatórios da Associaçäo de Assistência à criança DEeficiente (AACD) concluímos que näo é possível tratar todas as seqüelas desta enfermidade. Contudo, é viável melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes com paenas algumas aplicaçöes, ,afinal este tratamento permite uma nelhor higienizaçäo, facilitaçäo da fisioterapia, ,além de diminuir a dor causada pela espasticidade.Porém, é necessário muito critério no momento de selecionar este paciente, visto que esta terapia é muito cara, näo definitiva e pode ser dolorosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebral Palsy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use
13.
Nexo rev. Hosp. Ital. B.Aires ; 19(1): 27-33, mayo 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267602

ABSTRACT

La Toxina Botulínica (BOTOX) es un potente agente bloqueante que ha demostrado su gran utilidad en una amplia variedad de desórdenes neuromusculares asociados con hipertonía y espasticidad. Dicha toxina, y especialmente el serotipo A, también ha sido reconocida como beneficiosa en la corrección de arrugas faciales del tercio superior de la cara, siendo aprobado su uso médico por la FDA de los Estados Unidos desde 1979. Se ha comprobado que su acción es producida por una denervación química a nivel de la placa neuromuscular; dicho efecto es temporario (neurogénesis) y selectivo (para un músculo determinado). Aún siendo los riesgos despreciables, es aconsejable que el BOTOX sea administrado por médicos, quienes tengan un conocimiento profundo de la anatomía regional, fisiología y efectos clínicos de la toxina así como sus limitaciones y complicaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacokinetics , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/pharmacology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/immunology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Skin Aging/drug effects , Surgery, Plastic
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